Sustainable Syntheses and Sources of Nanomaterials for Microbial Fuel/Electrolysis Cell Applications: An Overview of Recent Progress

The use of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is quickly spreading in the fields bioenergy generation and wastewater treatment, as well biosynthesis valuable compounds for electrolysis (MECs). MFCs MECs have not been able to penetrate market economic feasibility lost when their performances are boosted by nanomaterials. nanoparticles used realize or decorate components (electrodes membrane) expensive processing, purification, raw resource costs. In recent decades, many studies approached problem finding green synthesis routes cheap sources most common employed MECs. These essentially made carbon, noble metals, non-noble together with a few other doping elements. this review, findings regarding sustainable preparation nanoparticles, terms syntheses sources, collected, commented, proposed applications MFC MEC devices. naturally occurring, recycled, alternative materials nanoparticle showcased detail here. Several examples how these derived devices also examined. results demonstrate that approach could represent solid commercial nanoparticles.